{"id":1666,"date":"2014-03-31T09:50:22","date_gmt":"2014-03-31T09:50:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/indogomagazine.com\/indogo\/?p=1666"},"modified":"2014-04-04T22:44:40","modified_gmt":"2014-04-04T22:44:40","slug":"self-healing-muscle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/indogomagazine.com\/indogo\/self-healing-muscle\/","title":{"rendered":"Self-Healing Muscle"},"content":{"rendered":"

Self-Healing Engineered Muscle Grown in the Laboratory<\/strong><\/p>\n

By Ken Kingery<\/strong><\/p>\n

Biomedical engineers have grown living skeletal muscle that looks a lot like the real thing. It contracts powerfully and rapidly, integrates into mice quickly, and for the first time, demonstrates the ability to heal itself both inside the laboratory and inside an animal.<\/p>\n

The study conducted at Duke University tested the bioengineered muscle by literally watching it through a window on the back of living mouse. The novel technique allowed for real-time monitoring of the muscle\u2019s integration and maturation inside a living, walking animal.<\/p>\n

\"colorful<\/a>

Long, colorful strands of engineered muscle fiber have been stained to observe growth after implantation into a mouse.<\/p><\/div>\n

Both the lab-grown muscle and experimental techniques are important steps toward growing viable muscle for studying diseases and treating injuries, said Nenad Bursac, associate professor of biomedical engineering at Duke.
\nThe results appear the week of March 31 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Early Edition.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe muscle we have made represents an important advance for the field,\u201d Bursac said. \u201cIt\u2019s the first time engineered muscle has been created that contracts as strongly as native neonatal skeletal muscle.\u201d<\/p>\n

Through years of perfecting their techniques, a team led by Bursac and graduate student Mark Juhas discovered that preparing better muscle requires two things\u2014well-developed contractile muscle fibers and a pool of muscle stem cells, known as satellite cells.<\/p>\n

Every muscle has satellite cells on reserve, ready to activate upon injury and begin the regeneration process. The key to the team\u2019s success was successfully creating the microenvironments\u2014called niches\u2014where these stem cells await their call to duty.
\n\u201cSimply implanting satellite cells or less-developed muscle doesn\u2019t work as well,\u201d said Juhas. \u201cThe well-developed muscle we made provides niches for satellite cells to live in, and, when needed, to restore the robust musculature and its function.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"engineered<\/a>

This series of images shows the destruction and subsequent recovery of engineered muscle fibers that had been exposed to a toxin found in snake venom. This marks the first time engineered muscle has been shown to repair itself after implantation into a living animal.<\/p><\/div>\n

To put their muscle to the test, the engineers ran it through a gauntlet of trials in the laboratory. By stimulating it with electric pulses, they measured its contractile strength, showing that it was more than 10 times stronger than any previous engineered muscles. They damaged it with a toxin found in snake venom to prove that the satellite cells could activate, multiply and successfully heal the injured muscle fibers.<\/p>\n

Then they moved it out of a dish and into a mouse.<\/p>\n

With the help of Greg Palmer, an assistant professor of radiation oncology in the Duke University School of Medicine, the team inserted their lab-grown muscle into a small chamber placed on the backs of live mice. The chamber was then covered by a glass panel. Every two days for two weeks, Juhas imaged the implanted muscles through the window to check on their progress.<\/p>\n

\"engineered<\/a>

This series of images shows the progress of veins slowly growing into implanted engineered muscle fibers.<\/p><\/div>\n

By genetically modifying the muscle fibers to produce fluorescent flashes during calcium spikes\u2014which cause muscle to contract\u2014 the researchers could watch the flashes become brighter as the muscle grew stronger.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe could see and measure in real time how blood vessels grew into the implanted muscle fibers, maturing toward equaling the strength of its native counterpart,\u201d said Juhas.<\/p>\n

The engineers are now beginning work to see if their biomimetic muscle can be used to repair actual muscle injuries and disease.<\/p>\n

<\/object><\/p>\n

\u201cCan it vascularize, innervate and repair the damaged muscle\u2019s function?\u201d asked Bursac. \u201cThat is what we will be working on for the next several years.\u201d<\/p>\n

This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR055226).<\/p>\n

###<\/p>\n

\u201cBiomimetic engineered muscle with capacity for vascular integration and functional maturation in vivo.\u201d Juhas, M., Engelmayr, Jr., G.C., Fontanella, A.N., Palmer, G.M., Bursac, N. PNAS Early Edition, March, 2014. DOI: 10.1073\/pnas.1402723111<\/p>\n

A PDF of the article is available for download for free<\/a> courtesy of DukeSpace.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Self-Healing Engineered Muscle Grown in the Laboratory By Ken Kingery Biomedical engineers have grown living skeletal muscle that looks a lot like the real thing. It contracts powerfully and rapidly, integrates into mice quickly, and for the first time, demonstrates the ability to heal itself both inside the laboratory and inside an animal. The study […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1667,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","category-scitech"],"yoast_head":"\nSelf-Healing Muscle - IndoGo!<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Self-Healing Muscle - IndoGo!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Self-Healing Engineered Muscle Grown in the Laboratory By Ken Kingery Biomedical engineers have grown living skeletal muscle that looks a lot like the real thing. 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